le maroc langues

Morocco has six Cervantes Institutes, the second highest of any country (after Brazil). JavaScript is Disabled! Embarquez pour une pause bien-être enveloppante au Maroc ! [24], The French language is also dominant in Morocco, especially in education and administration, therefore was initially learned by an elite and later on was learned by a great number of Moroccans for use in domains such as finance, science, technology and media. La langue amazighe, dont l'alphabet est le Tifinagh, est le patrimoine commun de tous les Marocains. Standard Arabic is frequently used in administrative offices, mosques, and schools. Comment trouvez-vous le navigation sur le site ? The 1960 census estimated that 34% of Moroccans spoke Berber, including bi-, tri-, and quadrilinguals. en 2011, L’Amazigh obtient Enfin Le Statut de Langue Officielle Trouvez-vous facilement les informations que vous recherchez ? [29], After Morocco declared independence in 1956, French and Arabic became the main languages of administration and education, causing the role of Spanish to decline. La darija n'est pas enseignée au Maroc, ta comparaison est hs et renforce mon avis, que les dialectes ne doivent pas etre enseigné à l'ecole. Après l'indépendance, la plupart des pays du Maghreb ont été confrontés à une situation linguistique caractérisée par le multilinguisme avec une … votre inscription a été enregistrée avec succès. [24], Arabic, on the other hand, has been perceived as a prestigious language in Morocco for over a millennium. Juba II, king of Mauretania, wrote in Greek and Latin. Pour vous mêler aux populations locales et profiter pleinement de votre séjour, ce sont certains mots en Darija qu'il vous faut maîtriser. Petit tour d'horizon des différentes langues parlées au Maroc : Français, Espagnol, Anglais Arabe littérale Arabe dialectal Amazighe Bien évidemment, la langue maternelle des Marocains, la langue officielle du pays mais ausi la langue de la religion islamique, est l’arabe. La logique veut donc que l’enseignement se fasse dans cette langue. Profitez aussi de notre vaste choix de cours de langues : cours à temps-plein, cours en groupes ou cours particuliers. Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization, Language Attitudes among Arabic–French Bilinguals in Morocco, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, Language Attitudes among Arabic-French Bilinguals in Morocco, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, "2014 General Population and Habitat Census", Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, "Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat 2004", Full text of the 2011 Constitution (French), "Décret n° 2-59-1965 du 15 rejeb 1379 (14 Janvier 1960) portant création d'un Institut d'études et de recherches pour l'arabisation", "Language and Ideology in the Maghreb: Francophonie and Other Languages", "From Monolingualism to Multilingualism: Recent Changes in Moroccan Language Policy", "The Latest in Language Confusion: Morocco Switches Back from Arabic to French", "Enseñanza y uso de la lengua española en el Sáhara Occidental", "Instituto Cervantes: aprender español, cursos de español y cultura en España e Hispanoamérica", Language attitudes among Arabic-French bilinguals in Morocco, Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Morocco&oldid=1022689537, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Bentahila, Abdelâli. qu'il s'agisse des licences ou des masters maintenant s’ajoutent à l'offre les masters spécialisés et les licences professionnelles. [32] Berber, along with Moroccan Arabic, is one of two languages spoken in homes and on the street. [3] According to the 2004 census, nearly 69% of literate people can read and write French. (dissertation). Hassānīya, is spoken by about 0.8% of the population mainly in the Southern regions of Morocco. traditionally, Arabs established centers of power in only a few cities and ports in the region, with the effect that the other areas remained Berber-speaking. In 1980, S. Chaker estimated that the Berberophone populations of Kabylie and the three Moroccan groups numbered more than one million each; and that in Algeria, 3,650,000, or one out of five Algerians, speak a Berber language (Chaker 1984, pp. [34] Berbers generally learn Moroccan Arabic as a second language and use it as a lingua franca, since not all versions of Berber are mutually intelligible with one another.[32]. ISBN 0585259763 (electronic book), 0585259763 (electronic book), 9780585259765 (electronic book). sur le sitevisitmorocco.com . Moreover, linguistic boundaries are blurred, such that certain dialects cannot accurately be described as either Central Morocco Tamazight (spoken in the Central and eastern Atlas area) or Shilha. However, there are very distinctive varieties of Arabic used, not all equally prestigious, which are MSA (Modern Standard Arabic), the written form used in schools and ‘Dialectal Arabic’, the non-standardized spoken form. "Soziokulturelle und sprachenpolitische Aspekte der Francophonie am Beispiel Marokko (Manuskripte zur Sprachlehrforschung, 38) by Martina Butzke-Rudzynski" (review). [40] The use of Spanish in northern Morocco and Western Sahara derives largely from the fact that Spain had previously occupied those areas and incorporated Spanish Sahara as a province. However, the figures it gives for individual languages only add up to 7.5 million, or about 57%. Unpublished PhD dissertation for the, This page was last edited on 11 May 2021, at 23:00. [26], Arabic, along with Berber, is one of Morocco's two official languages,[7] although it is the Moroccan dialect of Arabic, namely Darija, meaning "everyday/colloquial language";[27] that is spoken or understood, frequently as a second language, by the majority of the population (about 85% of the total population). [23], In the year 2000, after years of neglecting and ignoring the other languages present in Morocco, the Charter for Educational Reform recognized them and the necessity for them. [8] According to a 2000–2002 survey done by Moha Ennaji, author of Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco, "there is a general agreement that Standard Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, and Berber are the national languages. [23] An editorial in Lamalif in 1973 argued that, although French unified the elite and major sections of the economy, national unity could only be achieved based on Arabic—though Lamalif called for a new incarnation of the language, describing Standard Arabic as untenably prescriptive and Moroccan vernacular Arabic (Darija) as too poor to become in and of itself a language of culture and knowledge. [42] According to the OIF, 33% of Moroccans speak French, among them 13.5% fully francophone and thus bilingual with one of the other Moroccan languages, and 19.5% partially francophone. The interest in Spanish for the Moroccans arises from their proximity to Spain and the fact that Moroccans are the most numerous group of legal immigrants in Spain (748,953). It is not spoken at home or on the streets. A l’arrivée des Arabes au Maghreb, arabe classique et amazighe laisseront place à la Darija, un dialecte standard qui permettra aux Marocains peu importe leur origine de communiquer entre eux. [31] The language is not used in writing. "A sociolinguistic investigation of language attitudes among youth in Morocco." 20 avril 2021. In 1952, André Basset ("La langue berbère", Handbook of African Languages, Part I, Oxford) estimated that a "small majority" of Morocco's population spoke Berber. D’ores et déjà, le marocain est la langue qui unifie le pays. Meknès dans le Top 10 des villes à visiter dans le monde en 2019, Rabat la ville lumière, se dote de vélos-taxis pour assurer les balades touristiques, Patrimoine de l’humanité reconnu par l’UNESCO, Liste d'applications utiles pour vos séjours au Maroc. By the end of the 1980s, Arabic was the dominant language in education, although French was still in use in many important domains. The Marrakchis and their genuine sense of hospitality. Site officiel de l'Office National Marocain du Tourisme (ONMT), chargé de promouvoir la destination Maroc auprès du touriste national et international. Arabe, darija, amazigh, français, espagnol… Au Maroc, célébrer la diversité linguistique ne doit pas faire oublier qu’elle est aussi source de tensions. Activate javascript for better experience. [citation needed], Moroccans learn Standard Arabic as a language. [11], Until then the Tamazight languages were marginalized in the modern society and the number of monolingual speakers decreased. Multilingual Matters (Clevedon, Avon, England), 1983. The difference between the two forms in terms of grammar, phonology and vocabulary is so great, it can be considered as diglossia. [21][22] The policy of Arabization was not applied in earnest until 17 years after independence. 1. The below table presents statistical figures of speakers, based on the 2014 population census. For this task, the Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization was established by decree in 1960. Vous serez le bienvenu au Maroc ! L'espagnol est répandu dans les régions du Nord et du Sud du Maroc. Heath, Jeffrey. "Jewish and Muslim Dialects of Moroccan Arabic". Notre école de langues Sprachcaffe Rabat vous propose au Maroc des cours en plusieurs langues et pour tous les niveaux, ainsi que des séjours linguistiques à l'étranger depuis le Maroc. Dans cet article, nous allons essayer d'éclairer le panorama linguistique marocain en signalant le contact des langues existantes dans le pays, ainsi que la situation de l'espagnol et son statut dans la société marocaine. Aleya Rouchdy, author of "Language Contact and Language Conflict in Arabic," said that Berber is mainly used in the contexts of family, friendship, and "street". "[9] Ennaji also concluded "This survey confirms the idea that multilingualism in Morocco is a vivid sociolinguistic phenomenon, which is favored by many people. [42][citation needed], According to a survey made in 2005 by CIDOB, 21.6% of the population speak Spanish (. [12], Historically, languages such as Phoenician,[13] Punic,[14] and Amazigh languages have been spoken in Morocco. The country shows a marked difference in urban and rural dialects. [35] Ennaji added that "[t]he dialectisation of Berber certainly reduces its power of communication and its spread."[9]. Nowadays the different minority languages are acknowledged in Morocco although Arabic still is the dominant one and is being promoted by the government. 11 Spanish language educational institutions exist with 4,353 pupils, 16% of whom have Spanish nationality. The below table presents statistical figures of speakers of Berber languages, based on the 2014 population census. Ces langues sont l’arabe standard, l’arabe marocain ou darija, l’amazigh, le français, l’anglais et l’espagnol ; elles ne sont pas en usage ou reconnues par les institutions de manière équivalente. Many native Berber speakers also speak the local Arabic variant as a second language. "[32], Different figures of French speakers in Morocco are given. Le français a commencé à être enseigné, mais de manière très marginale durant la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle[7]. [31] According to Rouchdy, within Morocco Classical Arabic is still only used in literary and cultural aspects, formal traditional speeches, and discussions about religion. This is due to the history of settlement. Merci ! [15] It is unclear how long African Romance was spoken, but its influence on Northwest African Arabic (particularly in the language of northwestern Morocco) indicates it must have had a significant presence in the early years after the Arab conquest. Cela vous permettra de sortir du lot de touristes classiques et de montrer que vous faites des efforts dans le pays. La langue utilisée oralement par les marocains est la Darija (dialecte marocain). Un impressionnant patrimoine de l'humanité reconnu par l'UNESCO, Tourisme éco-responsable, équitable et durable au Maroc, Nous vous remercions pour votre commentaire, Le Golf au Maroc, une histoire centenaire. Between 1968 and 1978 estimates ranged from eight to thirteen million (as reported by Galand, LELB 56, pp. 3 Le Maroc a connu dernièrement un changement sans égal en termes de politique linguistique. [36] 82 % des Marocains espèrent que le nombre d’utilisateurs de la langue anglaise va s’accroître la prochaine décennie, précise Bladi. [24], In 2000 the Charter of Educational Reform introduced a drastic change in language policy. [4], It is also the mother language of some Moroccans, regrouped mainly in the western side of the country (Casablanca and Rabat Mainly, but also many other cities. Formation et études de langues Les études des langues sont assurée bien évidemment par les facultés des lettres et sciences humaines partout au Maroc (études anglaises, françaises, espagnoles...etc.) [1], The exact population of speakers of Berber languages is hard to ascertain, since most North African countries do not – traditionally – record language data in their censuses (An exception to this was the 2004 Morocco population census). Aleya Rouchdy, author of Language Contact and Language Conflict in Arabic, said that Classical/Modern Arabic and French are constantly in conflict with one another, but that most Moroccans believe that the bilingualism of Classical Arabic and French is the most optimal choice to allow for Morocco's development. Il est important de souligner que l’arabe oral classique diffère en partie de la langue littéraire du Coran. "[10], There are around 8 million Berber speakers in Morocco. Salah-Dine Hammoud, Mohamed (1982). The aims of the Charter seem to have been met faster than expected, probably since the conditions of the Charter started to be implemented immediately. Nous sommes ravis de vous compter Du moins sur le papier. The Tashelhit language is considered to be the most widely spoken as it covers the whole of the Region Souss-Massa-Drâa, and is also spoken in the Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz and Tadla-Azilal regions. Les langues en présence au Maroc peuvent être répertoriées en trois groupes : le groupe de la langue officielle et constitutionnelle (l'arabe standard), celui des langues maternelles (l'arabe marocain et l'amazigh marocain) et celui des langues étrangères (le … Within Morocco, French, one of the country's two prestige languages,[29] is often used for business, diplomacy, and government;[38] and serves as a lingua franca. Découvrir un pays, c'est aussi découvrir sa langue. Routledge, 2013. C'est un premier pas pour l'ouverture des langues étrangères dans l'enseignement au Maroc.Lundi 22 juillet, la première chambre du Parlement marocain a adopté à … Copyright © 2021, Office National Marocain du Tourisme. [18] At first, Arabic was used only in urban areas, especially in cities in the north, while the rural areas remained the domain of Amazigh languages. [32] In his 2000–2002 research, Ennaji found that 52% of the interviewees placed Berber as a language inferior to Arabic because it did not have a prestigious status and because its domain was restricted. ), In a survey from 2005 by the CIDOB (Barcelona Centre for International Affairs), 21.9% of respondents from Morocco claimed to speak Spanish, with higher percentages in the northern regions. Language Attitudes in Morocco Following Recent Changes in Language Policy. Population shifts in location and number, effects of urbanization and education in other languages, etc., make estimates difficult. Le Maroc dispose de deux langues officielles, qui sont l'arabe et l'amazighe, mais le français est aussi parlé et compris par la quasi-totalité des marocains. [19] However, the language spread much more slowly than the religion. Early colonial censuses may provide better documented figures for some countries; however, these are also very much out of date. L'espagnol est répandu dans les régions du Nord et du Sud du Maroc. Studies done in 1990 show around 3 million people, concentrated in the south of Morocco, speak the language.[36]. Spanish could become the European language in highest demand in Morocco, displacing French, due to the increasing popularity of the Spanish language. [29], Today, Spanish is one of the languages most studied in the educational system, together with classical Arabic, Berber and French. La langue, véritable outil politique. Quelles sont les langues principales au Maroc ? Most of these are accounted for by three dialects: This nomenclature is common in linguistic publications, but is significantly complicated by local usage: thus Shilha is sub-divided into Shilha of the Dra valley, Tasusit (the language of the Souss) and several other (mountain) dialects. Elle est complémentaire de la langue maternelle (arabe dialectal ou berbère) et de l’arabe standard moderne (arabe littéraire simplifié) et est devenue une langue valorisante. [20], After Morocco gained independence with the end of the French Protectorate in 1956, it started a process of Arabization. "Motivations for Code-Switching among Arabic-French Bilinguals in Morocco. [28] Arabic in its Classical and Standard forms is one of the two prestige languages in Morocco. A la fin de leur scolarité, les élèves doivent avoir un niveau C1 en anglais avec un score minimum de 785 au TOEIC. Le projet de loi-cadre sur la réforme de l'école au Maroc, instaurant l’enseignement des matières scientifiques et techniques en langues étrangères notamment le français, a … [37] The language is most used in the regions Middle Atlas, High Atlas and east High Atlas Mountains. MSA is practically foreign to Moroccan schoolchildren, and this creates problems with reading and writing, consequently leading to a high level of illiteracy in Morocco. ", Chakrani, Brahim. Le Maroc dispose de deux langues officielles, qui sont l'arabe et l'amazighe, mais le français est aussi parlé et compris par la quasi-totalité des marocains. Ici on parle le Darija qui est une version simplifiée de l’arabe, une sorte « d’arabe des rues ». Se pencher sur la question de la langue au Maroc permet donc d’avoir un aperçu des dynamiques socio-culturelles en œuvre dans le pays. From then on, Morocco has adopted a clear perpetual educational language policy with three main cores: improving and reinforcing the teaching of Arabic, using a variety of languages, such as English and French in teaching the fields of technology and science and acceptance of Tamazight. Vos suggestions et réactions contribueront à améliorer l’expérience A l’occasion du 41ème anniversaire du printemps amazighe, l’Assemblée Mondiale Amazighe rappelle les blocages du gouvernement marocain à la promotion des droits des Amazighs. En 1912 les autorités coloniales au Maroc introduisent la langue française dans le pays, elle devient alors la langue de l'administration gouvernementale, de l'éducation et des médias. [29], In 1995 the number of native Arabic speakers in Morocco was approximately 18.8 million (65% of the total population), and 21 million including the Moroccan diaspora. [41] [24], From its independence until the year 2000, Morocco opted for Arabization as a policy, in an attempt of replacing French with Arabic. Marley, D. (2004). L’anglais (ou autres langues, notamment l’allemand) est cantonné à l’espace éducatif comme deuxième langue … The Ethnologue provides a useful academic starting point; however, its bibliographic references are inadequate, and it rates its own accuracy at only B-C for the area. Keil-Sagawe, Regina. [32] Abdelâli Bentahila, the author of the 1983 book Language Attitudes among Arabic–French Bilinguals in Morocco, said that Moroccans who were bilingual in both French and Arabic preferred to speak Arabic while discussing religion; while discussing matters in a grocery store or restaurant; and while discussing matters with family members, beggars, and maids. [16][17], Arabic came with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb;[18] Abdellah Guennoun cites the Friday sermon delivered by Tariq Ibn Ziad just before the conquest of al-Andalus in 711 as the first instance of Moroccan literature in Arabic. That is despite the government decision to implement a language policy of ignoring French after gaining independence, for the sake of creating a monolingual country. The differences among all Moroccan dialects are not too pronounced: public radio news are broadcast using the various dialects; each journalist speaks his or her own dialect with the result that understanding is not obstructed, though most southern Berbers find that understanding Riff requires some getting used to. The two official languages are Standard Arabic and Tamazight. The state of Morocco still sees Arabic (MSA) as its national language, but acknowledges that not all Moroccans are Arabic speakers and that Arabization did not succeed in the area of science and technology. [11], Spanish is spoken by many Moroccans, particularly in the northern regions around Tetouan and Tangier, as well as in parts of the south, due to historic ties and business interactions with Spain. Langue coloniale durant la première moitié du XX e siècle, le français en terre marocaine est devenu, au fil des ans et au gré des événements socio-politiques, langue d’enseignement, langue de la modernité, langue de travail, langue d’écriture, etc., sans que son statut ne soit jamais clairement défini. In these regions Spanish television is often watched and there are interactions in Spanish on a daily basis.

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